Sto Are Starship Repair Components Used Anymore?

This article is about the thought experiment. For the 2022 Indian film, meet Send of Theseus (flick).

Thought experiment

In the metaphysics of identity, the Ship of Theseus is a idea experiment that raises the question of whether an object that has had all of its components replaced remains fundamentally the same object. The concept is one of the oldest in Western philosophy, having been discussed by Heraclitus and Plato by c. 500–400 BC.

History [edit]

Part of the idea puzzle (identity over time problem) was discussed by aboriginal philosophers such as Heraclitus (Cratylus 401d) and Plato (Parmenides 139),^[i] only at that place is no remaining evidence that they knew this paradox. The paradox was later discussed by Plutarch,^[2] and more than recently past Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Several variants are known, including the grandfather'southward axe and Trigger'southward broom, which have each had both head and handle replaced.

The particular "Ship of Theseus" version of the thought puzzle was first introduced in Greek legend equally reported by the historian, biographer, and essayist Plutarch:

The ship wherein Theseus and the youth of Athens returned from Crete had thirty oars, and was preserved by the Athenians down fifty-fifty to the time of Demetrius Phalereus, for they took away the former planks as they rust-covered, putting in new and stronger timber in their places, insomuch that this send became a continuing example among the philosophers, for the logical question of things that grow; one side holding that the transport remained the same, and the other contending that it was not the same.

—Plutarch, Theseus ^[two]

Plutarch thus questions whether the ship would remain the same if it were entirely replaced, slice by piece. Centuries after, the philosopher Thomas Hobbes introduced a further puzzle, wondering what would happen if the original planks were gathered upward after they were replaced, then used to build a second ship.^[3] Hobbes asked which ship, if either, would exist the original ship of Theseus.

An ancient Buddhist text titled in Sanskrit Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa, which was later translated into Classical Chinese (Da zhidu lun 大智度論), contains a similar philosophical puzzle. It takes the form of a body-swapping story. The story tells of a traveler who encountered two demons in the night. Every bit 1 demon ripped off all parts of his body one past one, the other demon replaced them with those of a corpse. The traveler was left confused about who he was after the body-swapping.^[4]

Thought experiment [edit]

It is supposed that the famous ship sailed by the hero Theseus was kept in a harbor as a museum piece, and as the years went by, some of the wooden parts began to rot and were replaced by new ones; then, after a century or then, every part had been replaced. The question then is whether the "restored" send is even so the same object equally the original.

If it is, so suppose the removed pieces were stored in a warehouse, and after the century, technology was developed that cured their rot and enabled them to be reassembled into a ship. Is this "reconstructed" ship the original transport? If it is, then what about the restored ship in the harbor still beingness the original ship as well?^[v]

Proposed resolutions [edit]

No identity over time [edit]

This solution was offset introduced by the Greek philosopher Heraclitus who attempted to solve the idea puzzle past introducing the idea of a river where water replenishes itself as it flows by. Arius Didymus quoted him as saying "upon those who pace into the same rivers, different and over again different waters flow".^[6] Plutarch disputed Heraclitus' claim about stepping twice into the same river, citing that it cannot be done because "information technology scatters and once more comes together, and approaches and recedes".^[vii]

Four-dimensionalism [edit]

Ted Sider and others have proposed that considering objects to extend across fourth dimension as 4-dimensional causal series of 3-dimensional "time-slices" could solve the Ship of Theseus problem considering, in taking such an approach, all four-dimensional objects remain numerically identical to themselves while assuasive individual time-slices to differ from each other. The aforementioned river, therefore, comprises different iii-dimensional time-slices of itself while remaining numerically identical to itself beyond time; 1 can never footstep into the same river-time-slice twice, but 1 tin step into the aforementioned (four-dimensional) river twice.^[eight]

Cerebral scientific discipline [edit]

Co-ordinate to Noam Chomsky, equally described in Of Minds and Linguistic communication (2009), the idea puzzle arises because of farthermost externalism: the assumption that what is truthful in our minds is true in the world.^[9] Chomsky says that this is not an unassailable assumption, from the perspective of the natural sciences, considering human being intuition is ofttimes mistaken.^[10] Cognitive science would treat this thought puzzle as the field of study of an investigation of the human listen. Studying this human confusion can reveal much about the brain's performance, only fiddling about the nature of the man-independent external globe.^[11]

Following on from this observation, a meaning strand in cognitive scientific discipline would consider The Ship not as a thing, nor even a collection of objectively existing matter-parts, simply rather as an organisational structure that has perceptual continuity.^[12] When Theseus thinks of his ship, he has expectations about what parts can be constitute where, how they interact, and how they interact with the wider earth. Equally long as at that place is a time/space continuity between this set of relationships, it is The Ship of Theseus. An organisational construction of course has to have components, but these also are defined in the same mode. Such a recursive structure must "bottom out" somewhere and the enactivists^[13] see this grounding to exist based in our embodied human relationship with our environment. In Cohen's (encounter below) case where a scavenger follows Theseus, collecting the discarded parts of the original Ship of Theseus, and then reassembles them, the reassembled ship is non The Ship of Theseus because, presumably a court of law would say, Theseus does not have the "owns" human relationship with the reconstructed transport.

Applications [edit]

A literal example of a Transport of Theseus is DSV Alvin, a submersible that has retained its identity despite all of its components being replaced at least once.^[14] A similar example is the USS Constellation which may have been rebuilt using pieces from the original transport.

In architecture, Lance Hosey has proposed that the Barcelona Pavilion is "modern compages's Send of Theseus." Demolished and rebuilt in exacting detail on the original site, can it be considered the "same" edifice? He thoroughly documents the ambivalence of architects and historians about this question.^[fifteen]

In aviation, the remaining B-52H Boeing Stratofortress bombers are starting to become armed forces aviation'due south "Ship of Theseus".^[xvi] As the electronics, wiring, sensors, metal skin, and rivets are upgraded or replaced, fewer and fewer components remain of the original aircraft that was congenital in the early 1960s. In that location will be few original B-52H components left when the Rolls-Royce F130 engines are installed in the belatedly 2022s to replace the 1960s-era TF33s.^{[17] [eighteen]}

See also [edit]

• List of Ship of Theseus examples
• Anatta – a similar concept in Buddhist philosophy
• Packet theory
• Iv causes
• Haecceity
• Interchangeable parts
• Mereological essentialism
• Milinda Panha
• Neurath'southward boat
• Sorites paradox

References [edit]

1. ^ Plato (1925). Parmenides. Vol. 9. Translated by Northward. Fowler, Harold. London: Harvard University Press. p. 139.
2. ^ ^{a b} Plutarch. "Theseus (23.1)". The Net Classics Archive. Retrieved 2008-07-15 .
3. ^ De Corpore, ch xi.7
4. ^ Huang, Jing; Ganeri, Jonardon (2021). "Is this me? A story near personal identity from the Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa / Dà zhìdù lùn". British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 29 (5): 739–762. doi:10.1080/09608788.2021.1881881. S2CID 233821050. An ungated version is available hither or hither.
5. ^ Cohen, Due south. Marc (2004). "Identity, Persistence, and the Ship of Theseus". faculty.washington.edu . Retrieved 2019-03-15 .
6. ^ Didymus, Fr 39.2, Dox. gr. 471.iv
7. ^ Plutarch. "On the 'East' at Delphi". Retrieved 2008-07-fifteen .
8. ^ David Lewis, "Survival and Identity" in Amelie O. Rorty [ed.] The Identities of Persons (1976; U. of California P.) Reprinted in his Philosophical Papers I.
9. ^ Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini; Juan Uriagereka; Pello Salaburu (29 Jan 2009). Of Minds and Language: A Dialogue with Noam Chomsky in the Basque Land. Oxford University Press. pp. 382–. ISBN978-0-19-156260-0.
10. ^ Noam Chomsky (2010). Chomsky Notebook. Columbia University Press. pp. nine–. ISBN978-0-231-14475-9.
11. ^ James McGilvray (25 November 2022). Chomsky: Language, Heed and Politics. Polity. pp. 72–. ISBN978-0-7456-4990-0.
12. ^ Steve Yard (2003). Creation: Life and how to make it. Harvard.
13. ^ Dave Ward, David Silverman and Mario Villalobos (18 April 2022). "Introduction: Varieties of Enactivism". Topoi. Springer. 36 (iii): 365–375. doi:x.1007/s11245-017-9484-half-dozen. hdl:20.500.11820/cd543eb4-2ac5-4521-94eb-c39c43295840. S2CID 171748138.
14. ^ Oberhaus, Daniel (12 December 2022). "The Oldest Crewed Deep Sea Submarine But Got a Large Makeover". Wired.
15. ^ Hosey, Lance (9 October 2022). "The Ship of Theseus: Identity and the Barcelona Pavilion(south)". Journal of Architectural Pedagogy. 72 (2): 230–247. doi:10.1080/10464883.2018.1496731. S2CID 115758753.
16. ^ Axe, David (21 September 2022). "The U.S. Air Force Is Gradually Rebuilding Its B-52 Bombers From The Rivets". Forbes.
17. ^ Axe, David (21 September 2022). "The U.South. Air Strength Is Gradually Rebuilding Its B-52 Bombers From The Rivets". Forbes.
18. ^ "Rolls-Royce North America Selected to Ability the B-52 Commercial Engine Replacement Program" (24 September 2022)https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/printing-releases/2021/24-09-2021-rr-north-america-selected-to-ability-the-b-52-commercial-engine-replacement-program.aspx

External links [edit]

• Quotations related to Ship of Theseus at Wikiquote

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus

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